Spatiotemporal monitoring of pine processionary moth defoliation employing field databases, remote sensing, and dendrochronology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31167/csef.v0i51.20163Resumen
The pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) is a lepidopter species of significant social and forestry interest, with its distribution potentially expanding in recent decades. However, the climatic and ecological drivers behind its expansion remain unclear. Cambium Group undertakes research to investigate the causes and patterns of pine processionary moth distribution by integrating field data, remote sensing, and dendrochronology. Our aim is to assess forest vulnerability, enhance monitoring of pine processionary moth populations, and develop early detection tools. The population dynamics of the species are closely linked to climatic conditions. Mild winters favour larval development and population growth, while heatwaves negatively affect the eggs viability and the survival of early-stage larvae. Forest structure also plays a role in susceptibility, with homogeneous stands experiencing more severe defoliation. Analyzing long-term population records from forest regional administrations provides a comprehensive view of outbreak patterns. Detailed spatiotemporal monitoring, using remote sensing time series, helps to identify vegetation phenological anomalies associated with defoliation. These canopy changes, which result in reduced leaf area index, can be detected using high-density LiDAR point clouds. To contextualize current trends and predict future impacts, a long-term perspective on pine processionary moth incidence is essential. Dendrochronological analysis, examining features such as tree ring width, early- to latewood ratio, and water-use efficiency, enables the reconstruction of moth-related disturbances over a tree´s lifespan. This multidisciplinary approach deepens our understanding of the pine processionary moth´s impact on Spanish forests and is key for improving forest damage prevention systems.
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